Krzysztof PARASZCZUK
This article introduces the formal-legal fundamentals in identifying the natural hazards found in open-pit mines with reference to the effective geological and mining legal regulations and implementing regulation. The persons responsible for the correct process of hazard identification, the role and importance of surveying and geological services, and hazard identification units as appointed by the traffic controller of the mine are stated. The possibility of information acquisition is also described, useful in the identification process of initial water and subsidence risk in open-pit mines, which is stored and made accessible online via public administration websites i.e. Wody Polskie, The National Geological Service, the Main Office of Geodesy and Cartography. Examples of maps showing the water and subsidence risks against the background of the boundaries of mining sites and areas are shown in diagrams 2-5. The examples shown of information acquisition regarding geohazards and flood risk, translated as water hazard in open-pit mines and their representation on maps indicating the boundaries of the mining areas and sites can be helpful in the identification process of initial water and subsidence risk in open-cast mines. The use of environment information databases simplifies and shortens the time required to gather useful information for the identification of natural hazards.
Wiesław MITURA, Anna WIELEBA
In this article the applied surveying methods of ground surface deformation caused by subterranean exploitation of coal mines are most often cited. To provide the most amount of information as possible regarding geometric alterations of the terrain’s surface, the indicated methods of measurement can be applied independently or combined. The correct choice of method depends on such factors like: ground conditions, access to survey points, yield, expected precision, and representation of survey results. Currently, when more modern surveying methods are popular including the use of: GSP technology, laser scanning, and photogrammetry, entrepreneurs are trying to find solutions which allow for surveying methods which are quick, uncomplicated, more profitable, and, at the same time, guarantee sufficient accuracy. In this article, comparative analyses were performed using “traditional” surveying methods - technical levelling in conjunction with tacheometric distance measurement and photogrammetric method - with the use of a drone. From the conducted analyses, it is shown that through the current development of surveying technologies and equipment, it’s possible to quickly and easily conduct surveys while obtaining highly accurate measurements. However, it is verified that in the aspect of process control and verification of deformation predictions, it’s more effective to use “traditional” methods, whereas photogrammetric methods can be of key importance in mining prevention and choosing the appropriate route of work when planning for further exploitation. The results obtained from the photogrammetric flights also prove themselves to be excellent on large scale analyses regarding, for example, larger areas of land and in conditions in which surveys are highly complicated or impossible.
Marcin SMOŁKA
Nowadays, the air-conditiong of coal mines is common. The article presents the assumptions of novel method dedicated to rapid estimation on cooling requirement for longwalls. Adopted algorithm is based on the difference between virgin rock temperature and air temperature. It was assumed that in case of panels, the main factor affecting the microclimate is the heat flux emitted directly in longwall. The method determines the cooling requirement needed to establish in longwall the dry bulb temperature of air not higher than 28oC. The example of preceding calculation was discussed and notes about the conditions of applying the method were presented.