Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie Number 12/2024

Based on data regarding the individual mining branches, the article presents, in statistical and analytical terms - the problem of repairs to damage caused by the movement of mining works. In 2023, in all mining sectors, 463,604.90 PLN was all together spent on the clearing of damage caused by the movement of mining works and on the preventative safeguarding against the effects of mineral exploitation. 5,499 sites received repairs. Preventative safeguarding was carried out at 901 sites - costing 43,934 PLN. Among all branches of the mining industry, by far the most money was spent on the repairs to damages is allocated annually to bituminous coal mining - costing 416,815.30 PLN in 2023. Considerable funds were also spent on the lignite mine costing 34,621.90 PLN and 11,798.80 PLN on non-ferrous metal ores. In the article widely discusses reparation methods for the damages sustained, whether through natural restitution or compensation. In the whole Polish mining industry, nearly half of all costs related to mining damages were through natural restitution. Such expenses reached a sum of 217,534.40 PLN. From this sum, most was allocated for the repairs of residential buildings costing 42,930 PLN, and then for road repairs, costing 38,692.50 PLN, and bridges and viaducts 7,838.40 PLN (in total 46,530.90 PLN), and for the repairs of railway sites and machines costing 32,624 PLN. The financial commitment of mines regarding the various types of compensation in 2023 cost 159,670.80 PLN. In this group of costs, the majority was allocated for one-time compensation payments for structural sites (85,717.80 PLN). The analysis was broken down into the appropriate mines and also repair items such as land, buildings, and infrastructure. Like in previous years, in clearly prevailing numbers, settlements were the formal basis for damage repairs. In 2023, 9,170 of this type of contract were opened, while the Common Court of Law issued 425 judgements in force.

Induced seismicity usually accompanies the mining of hard coal seams, including those destressed by the extraction of adjacent seams. Mining of another coal seam beneath longwall goaf in previously mined adjacent seams is often characterized by a specific pattern of seismic activity. Seismicity induced during such mining is usually low due to the prior release of stress in the rock mass. The vertical distance and the time that has passed since the adjacent coal seam was mined are important. Incidental high-energy tremors may occur near the edges of previously mined coal seams surrounding the longwall panel in the mined seam. Their occurrence is associated with the redistribution of stress in the rock mass. The extraction of another coal seam may disturb the state of stress-strain equilibrium existing in the rock mass in the area of the edges of previously mined seams, thus leading to the occurrence of strong tremors. The article analyzes the seismic activity during longwall mining of seam No. 507 under complex geological and mining conditions in the Bielszowice part of the Ruda hard coal mine. Previously, multi-seam mining was carried out in this part of the deposit for many years. A comparison was made of the seismicity occurring during the mining of seam No. 507 and seams deposited above. Based on the seismic moment tensor inversion method, the mechanism of strong tremors that occurred during the mining of seam No. 507, in the area of the edges of previously mined seams Nos. 418, 501 and 502 and the top and bottom layers of the thick seam No. 504, was determined. The rock burst prevention used was analyzed against the background of the geological and mining conditions accompanying the mining of seam No. 507.